Integrative Analysis of Astraeus asiaticus: DNA Barcoding, Nutritional Composition, and Medicinal Properties of a Wild Edible Mushroom commonly found in Jharkhand State.

Abstract

Rugra (commonly identified as Astraeus asiaticus) is an wild edible mushroom that holds significant nutritional and medicinal importance especially in the tribal and rural regions of Jharkhand, India. These macro fungi are sources of energy and are rich in essential proteins, carbohydrates, dietary fibers, and micronutrients like potassium, phosphorus, and iron. Due to the high nutritional value, Rugra serves as an important dietary supplement for local populations. This macro fungus also contains various bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, Flavonoids, polysaccharides, phenolics, and triterpenoids that exhibit various medicinal and potent antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. These macro funguses have been traditionally harvested during the monsoon season almost all parts of Jharkhand state and have been an integral part of Jharkhand’s indigenous cuisine, especially as local delicacies in curries and stews. Rugra are valued not only for its taste but also for its health benefits. Beyond its culinary appeal, these macro fungi have a unique cultural identity and knowledge system in various indigenous tribal communities such as the Munda, Oraon, and Santhal. These communities recognize its importance as therapeutic value in folk medicine. The collection, consumption, and trade of Rugra mushroom support the local livelihoods that make it a vital component for ecological sustainability and socio-economic resilience in the region. This underexplored macro fungus exemplifies its importance in the biodiversity, culture, tradition, nutrition, and health, especially in Jharkhand, that further plan for the scientific exploration and conservation of wild variety.